Hetairai were differentiated from pornai, translated as "prostitutes," who were often of a lower class of slave. Hetairai and pornai on Greek vases are often depicted nude; when shown dressed, however, the association of objects like money pouches could signal their deviation from respectability. The floor of a symposium was usually waterproofed, probably because of a popular drinking game called kottabos.
To play this game, symposiasts would swirl the dregs of wine in the bottoms of their cups and then fling these remnants either onto the floor, attempting to form the first letter of their beloved's name, or at a specific target in the center of the room.
One variation of this game involves flinging the wine at small saucers floating in a basin of water in order to sink them 5. In yet another version, a disk is balanced atop a pole and kottabos players would attempt to knock it down 6.
Unlike many depictions on vases, ancient literature such as the treatises by Plato and Xenophon discuss the more dignified aspects of the symposium. Each author implies that the symposium was an elegant, intellectual gathering where men could eat and drink in moderation, of course , recite poetry, and hold philosophical discussions. In fact, the men in Plato's Symposium a-e consciously decide not to make the evening "a tipsy affair.
While each of the two accounts reinforce the idea that the symposium was an event exclusively for men, they do not discuss the presence of hetairai, often described as the symposium's only female attendants. In fact, in Plato's Symposium e , Socrates suggests that the host send the flute-girl away so that they may hold their intellectual conversations regarding love, medicine, music, and other topics without the distraction of frivolous music. Similarly, in Xenophon's Symposium 1.
From the evidence given in the texts as well as the images on vases, it is evident that the Greeks held many competing and complementary views regarding the nature of the symposium. While vases often show the bawdier aspects, such as drunkenness and sexuality, ancient texts illustrate a sense of dignity, intelligence, and moderation, which are much more in line with what we believe were valued traits for aristocratic men in ancient Greece.
Search Enter the terms you wish to search for. The symposium in ancient Greek society. William J. Symposium solutions serve public safety, military, and other governmental agencies throughout North America. A symposium is generally defined as a meeting organized so that experts in a given field can meet, present papers, and discuss issues and trends or make recommendations for a certain course of action.
The data in educational surveys and status studies are collected by utilizing various tools of investigation. The tools of investigation generally used are questionnaires, optionnaires, attitude scales, schedules, interviews, case-study techniques, rating scales, observational technique and the like.
Cultivating a research-based approach to developing your practice provides evidence to effect change in your teaching, your classroom, your school, and beyond.
The main purposes of research are to inform action, gather evidence for theories, and contribute to developing knowledge in a field of study. Like on how to decrease his focus of making the work done, how to lessen pain, and how to raise satisfaction in fulfilling his wants, craving, and aspirations.
Research that develops our critical thinking skills, gives us knowledge and learnings and also provide us an information that we can apply or use in our daily life. Research is search for facts and knowledge. Diotima gives what is perhaps a satisfactory answer by suggesting that, while all kinds of desire might be considered love, we normally restrict use of that term to one particular kind of desire, the desire that exists between two human beings. Philosophy aside, however, the Symposium still makes a terrific read.
Aristophanes' myth is delightful, Alcibiades' drunken antics are entertaining, and the whole narrative shimmers with life. We also get a very clear sense of the dynamics of sexual attraction and courtship--both male-male and male-female--in ancient Athens, and we are given a beautiful portrait of one of the high-points of the Athenian scene: the symposium.
SparkTeach Teacher's Handbook. Summary Overall Summary Context Overall Analysis and Themes a - e a - b c - c c - b c - e e - e a - c d - c d - e a - c c - c c - d. Summary Overall Analysis and Themes. Previous section Context Next section a - e. Popular pages: The Symposium. Take a Study Break.
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